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서예교실

一代名相

 王安石,字介甫。撫州臨川(今屬江西)人。曾被譽為 中國十一世紀時的改革家 。宋仁宗時中進士後當了一任邯縣(今屬浙江)知縣。
  他關心農事,改革吏治,積極督修水利,並在青黃不接的季節,將官倉儲糧貸給農民,秋收後略加利息徵還,使農民免受高利貸者的盤剝,獲得了勤政愛民的聲譽。
  皇祐四年(公元1059年)奉調任職開封,經過調查了解,針對北宋積貧積弱的弊政,向宋仁宗上萬言書,就人才選拔、教育財政等問題,提出自己的見解。數年後仁宗去世,神宗即位,用他為宰相,讓他全面進行改革。
  他在"天變不足畏,祖宗不足法,人言不足恤"的思想指導下,對北宋政治進行了 全面改革。
  經濟上以富國為出發點,推行均輸法、青苗法、農田水利法、募役法、市易法、方田均法,軍政上以強兵為核心,推行置將法、保甲法,在教育方面以育材為目的,對《詩》、《書》、《周禮》三部儒家經典重新注釋,稱《三經新義》,作為變法的理論依據和各級學校的法定教材。官府科舉取士,也以它為藍本。改革氣勢之宏大,內容之全面,在中國歷史上是罕見的。他不愧是"中國十一世紀的改革家"。
  但在大官僚地主的反對下,神宗動搖不定。熙寧九年(1076年),安石被罷相。新法名存實亡。當時,對抗西夏侵擾又屢次失利。元豐八年(公元1085年)神宗死後,安石只能退居江寧,著書作文。其詩文雄健清新,被後人列為"唐宋八大家"之一。著有《周官新義》、《唐百家詩選》、《臨川集》等。元豐九年(1086年)安石去世,終年65歲。謚號文。
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Attention Required! | Cloudflare

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